More pages in this category (in alphabetical order):
Tyrosine
Amino Acids
Amino acids are important biological units that are sometimes called the "building
blocks" of proteins because many amino
acids together form proteins. Proteins form a significant proportion of
the structure
of cells, cells being
the basic functional units of living organisms.
Chemistry of Amino Acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that include both an amino group, and a carboxyl group.
The term "organic
compound"
refers to substances whose molecular structure is based on the
presence and properties of the element carbon, whose chemical symbol is C.
An "amino group" is
a group of atoms arranged in a particular configuration that
includes the elements nitrogen and hydrogen and is represented by
-NH2.
A "carboxyl group" is
a group of atoms arranged in a particular configuration that
includes carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and is represented by -COOH.
Tyrosine is an amino acid.
The molecular formula of tyrosine is C9H11NO3
Amino acids generally are explained further in the column on the rightin further detail below. Briefly, there are two types of amino acid:
- Those that can be synthesized by the body itself (non-essential amino acids), and
- those that, although necessary for the healthy growth or maintenance of the body, cannot be produced by the body itself.
This second type of amino acids are called essential amino acids, and are also referred to as indispensible amino acids in some textbooks.
Tyrosine is a "non-essential" or "dispensible" amino
acid because, although its presence in an appropriate quantity is important
for good health, the human body can produce this chemical from an excess
of certain other amino acids in the body. Therefore it is not essential as a part of the diet.
Some of the functions of tyrosine include
its role in transmitting nerve impulses to the brain by changing one
form of
signal or "stimulus" to another form - which may
then be transmitted to another cell or group of cells. It is also believed
to
be a factor
in overcoming depression, in healthy memory
function,
and
in mental
alertness.
Non-neurological functions of tyrosine include promoting
healthy functioning of some of the the endocrine glands, including
the thyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands.
Tyrosine is a precursor to several other important
biochemicals, such as the thyroid hormones thyroxin and
triiodothyronine, hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline,
and the pigment melanin.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are important biological units that are sometimes called the "building
blocks" of proteins because many amino
acids together form proteins. Proteins form a significant proportion of
the structure
of cells, cells being
the basic functional units of living organisms.
Chemistry of Amino Acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that include both an amino group, and a carboxyl group.
The term "organic
compound"
refers to substances whose molecular structure is based on the
presence and properties of the element carbon, whose chemical symbol is C.
An "amino group" is
a group of atoms arranged in a particular configuration that
includes the elements nitrogen and hydrogen and is represented by
-NH2.
A "carboxyl group" is
a group of atoms arranged in a particular configuration that
includes carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and is represented by -COOH.
For further information about amino acids in general, see Amino Acids.
