Date Published: 19 January 2011

Dangerous environments make (animal) parents more caring

Changes in the environment that put the lives of adults at risk drive parents to invest more in caring for their offspring, according to recent research by scientists at Oxford University.

Research examined how the mortality rates of parents and offspring and the fertility of adults influence the evolution of how much parents care for and feed their young.

The team found that unpredictable environments, which impact on adult mortality rates and fertility, increase the benefits to species of evolving a more caring strategy in which parents invest more resources in bringing up their offspring.

" We already know that some animals, such as different populations of European kestrel, alter the levels of care they give their offspring in response to unpredictable environments" said Dr Mike Bonsall of Oxford University’s Department of Zoology, an author of the report.

" What this new research shows is that many more species are likely to ‘hedge their bets’, changing how much they care for their offspring depending on how challenging the environment is."

The team set out to investigate how parental care evolved from a state of ‘no care’ in which parents leave offspring to fend for themselves. The researchers used mathematical models to study the costs and benefits of different levels of parental care in unpredictable environments.

Dr Bonsall said:

" People tend to think of parental care as something that is ‘hard-wired’, that either species care for their young or not, what our research shows is the precarious balance between the costs and benefits of caring which may have caused parental care to have evolved, or been lost, many times in the history of life."

Ref. to Paper: Bonsall, M.B. & Klug, H. (2011) The evolution of parental care in stochastic environment, Journal of Evolutionary Biology.

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